Use TLS (HTTPS) to prevent MITM attacks and thus the most common ways of hijacking.How to protect yourself against these attacks: Note: I've used "session cookie" everywhere to simplify the explanations, but of course there are other means of transferring session IDs. For example, a user could be tricked into buying multiple quantities of a good that they only wanted a single unit of. Otherwise, it can refer to tricking the victim into re-submitting a previously valid request (with the same session cookie). If the attacker already has access to a session cookie (via fixation or hijacking), then it's just the act of reusing the cookie for whatever they want. Replay is a bit different and can mean two things. Of course that requires an attacker to have temporary access to the victim's browser itself, but the principle is very simple - there's no need to steal the data if it is under your control in the first place. ![]() So after the victim logs into a website, they will use the same session cookie that the attacker already knows, and thus the attacker-owned cookie is now authenticated and can be exploited. Session fixation is similar, but inverted - a pre-defined session cookie is planted into the victim's browser. Most commonly through sniffing network traffic (a MITM attack), but also through any other ways that a session ID may be leaked. Session hijacking is simply the act of stealing an existing, valid session cookie. They only differ in how you achieve that. Both fixation and hijacking have ultimately the same goal - gaining access to a session.
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